我国城乡居民收入差距:基于要素收入流的一个解释

China’s Income Gap between Urban and Rural:an Explanation from of the Flow Factors Income

借鉴舒尔茨的"收入流"理论,以城乡二元结构为逻辑基点,本文试图建立一个基于"要素流动—要素价值实现—农民增收—城乡差距缩小"的"要素收入流"理论来解释我国城乡收入差距收敛和发散的原因,寻求缩小城乡收入差距的理论脉络;建立双对数模型分析劳动力、资本和土地三个要素以及市场化程度对城乡收入差距的影响。分析结果表明,资本净流出和土地净流出对城乡收入差距有正向作用;劳动力净流出和市场化有利于缩小城乡收入差距;劳动力净流出对缩小城乡收入差距的作用不显著。本文还以中国城乡收入差距演变的历史作为实证研究对象尝试解释不同阶段农民要素流动性以及要素收入流不为农民所有、所享的问题。并从要素市场培育和制度创新两个角度提出政策建议。

This study reveals the theoretical contexts narrow the income gap between urban and rural area which was taking Schulz 'Revenue Stream' theory as reference,urban and rural structure as logical points,explaining the reason of income gap between convergence and spread based on 'factor income stream' theory('flow of factors-elements value realization-increase farmers’ income-narrow the gap between urban and rural area').Firstly,analysis the affect of income gap which causing by three key elements(labor,capital and land) and mercerization process between two areas though establishing bi-logarithm model.The results show that,net capital and land outflow performances positive effect,meanwhile,net capital outflow and mercerization process shorts income gap,however,net labor outflow does not contribute.Secondly,proclaim farmer factor flow liquidity elements in different stages and the elements not sharing by farmers which taking the evolution history of China’s income gap between two areas as empirical object.At last,the policy was put forward from two aspects,which are market cultivation and institutional innovation.