尘肺病患者社会人口学特征对生活质量影响研究

Study on effect of sociological and demographical features to quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients

目的探讨尘肺病患者的社会人口学特征对其生活质量的影响,为制定提高其生活质量的措施提供科学依据。方法以整群抽样的方法随机抽取病例组174例尘肺病患者,采用世界卫生组织生存质量评估简表(WHOQOL-BREF)和St George's呼吸问卷(SGRQ)进行问卷调查,对照组为150名非粉尘作业正常健康工人。结果病例组WHO-QOL-BREF 4个领域得分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同年龄尘肺病患者在WHOQOL-BREF的生理领域、心理领域和SGRQ的活动受限、疾病影响及总分得分分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同文化程度患者在WHOQOL-BREF的心理领域和SGRQ的活动受限维度及总分得分分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同尘肺期别患者在WHOQOL-BREF的生理领域、心理领域和SGRQ的3个维度得分及总分分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);患病年限<2年组与>5年组在WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理领域得分分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);有并发症者在SGRQ的呼吸症状维度得分高于无并发症者(P<0.01)。结论尘肺病患者中年龄较大、文化程度较低、尘肺期别较高、患病年限较长和并发症等社会人口学特征影响其生活质量,采取针对性的整体护理、健康教育与心理辅导等干预措施时应考虑到相关社会人口学特征的影响。

Objective To explore the correlation between sociological and demographical features and life qualities of pneu- moconiosis patients, to provide basis for making the intervention measures to enhance their quality of life （QOL）. Methods With cluster sampling method, WHO Quality of Life-BREF （WHOQOL-BREF） and St George＇s Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ）, 174 pneumoconiosis patients（ case group） were investigated. 150 healthy workers without dust exposure were served as control group. Results For all the patients, the scores of physiological, psychological, social relation and environmental fields in WHOQOL-BREF were significant lower than those of the control group（ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Statistical significances （ P 〈 0. 05 ） were found among the different age groups of pneumoconiosis patients on the scores of physiological and psychological fields in WHOQOL-BREF and on the indexes of limited activity, disease impact and the total score in SGRQ. Score differences of physio- logical and psychological fields in WHOQOL-BREF and each dimension in SGRQ among different disease stages had statistical significances （P 〈 0. 01 ）. It was also observed that the score differences of psychological field in WHOQOL-BREF and limited activity and total score in SGRQ among different education levels, and that the score differences of physiological and psychologi- cal fields in WHOQOL-BREF between the groups of below 2-yem＇ and over 5-year disease durations had statistical significances （P 〈 0.01 ）. The score of respiratory symptoms in SGRQ was high （P 〈 0. 01 ） when the patients complicated with other disea- ses. Conclusion It is concluded that worse QOL is found in the pneumoconiosis patients with older age, higher disease stage, lower education level, with medical complications and longer disease duration. It suggests that the impacts of related sociological and demographical features should be considered when the intervention measures such as holistic nursing care and health educa- tion are carried out for pneumoconiosis patients.