中小河流洪涝风险评估及研究——以哈尔滨地区为例

Flood disaster risk assessment regionalization and classification of small and midsize rivers——a case study of Harbin Region

针对中小河流洪涝灾害防治工作中存在的河流数目庞大、基础资料缺乏、重点难以确定等问题,以哈尔滨地区为例,基于现代灾害风险理论,利用遥感数据和社会经济数据,在GIS空间分析基础上,通过对致灾因子的危险性、孕灾环境的敏感性、承灾体的脆弱性和区域防灾减灾能力的分析,对洪涝灾害风险进行定量评价,绘制出研究区域的洪涝灾害风险指数分布图。在此基础上应用聚类分析等方法进行洪涝风险分区和河流分类,从而科学、快速地确定重点防治地区和河流。研究成果不仅对哈尔滨地区中小河流洪涝灾害防治具有指导意义,所采用的技术方法还可供其他地区中小河流治理借鉴参考。

For the purpose of preventing and controlling flood disaster of small and midsize rivers, some obstacles need to be overcome, which are large number of rivers, lack of basic data, difficulties in setting the priorities. Taking Harbin region as a research area, RS and social economic data are adopted to analyze the hazard, sensi- bility, vulnerability and emergency response and recovery capability of the region on the base of GIS spatial analysis. Flood disaster risk of Harbin region is quantitatively evaluated and risk map is presented. By adopting to cluster analysis method, regionalization and classification of flood disaster regions are carried out. Therefore regions and rivers to be treated prior are determined scientifically and easily. The outcomes of this research are instructive for the management of small and midsize rivers in Harbin region. Moreover, the methods set forth herein provide reference for other regions.