知识产权民事审判中的法官自由裁量权

Judge’s Discretion in the Civil Procedure of Intellectual Property Disputes

知识产权民事审判中的自由裁量指的是当法官审理知识产权民事案件时,运用法律解释、类推等技术行使剩余立法权解决纠纷的活动。立法权可分为初始立法权和剩余立法权。由于人类理性的界限,法律注定是不完备的。因此,法院在实际中享有一定的剩余立法权。从技术上看,知识产权法中存在的开放性概念、兜底条款、模糊冲突的条款,以及我国知识产权立法的国际背景和法官处理案件的逻辑等,都决定了法官自由裁量的可能性和必要性。绝大多数法官判案时考虑的不是"劳动自然权利观"等普遍命题,而是解决纠纷。由于受限于诸多的外部和内部约束,在绝大多数情况下,法官宁愿选择不自由裁量。尽管法律文本的开放性允许法官超越法律文本而自由裁量,但法官并不肆意而为,而是实际受限于立法者的各种意图。法官自由裁量的界限是,当他补充法律条文内涵时所依据的理论,必须源于知识产权法律文本的总体精神和司法政策,而不能在知识产权框架之外寻求渊源。

The discretion in the civil procedure of intellectual property disputes refers to the activity of judge to exercise the residual legislative powers through the techniques of interpretation of law, analogy, etc. when dealing with the intellectual property cases. The system of law has internal defection due to human＇s limited rationality, so the judge actually has certain residual legislative powers. In the technique aspect, the existence of the open concept, fallback provisions, provisions containing obscure conflict, the international background of China＇s legislation of intellectual property law, and the logic followed by the judge when dealing with cases all leads to the possibility and necessity of judge＇s discretion. Most of the judges care for solving disputes, rather than the general proposition of ＂the labor theory of property＂. Subject to many internal and external limits, judge would rather refuse discretion in most cases. Although the openness of the legal text invites judge＇s discretion over the legal text itself, he won＇t act like that recklessly since the various legislative intents have made some barrier for them in practical application. The boundary of the judge＇s discretion is that the theory according to which he make up the connotation of legal text should derived from the general spirit of the legal text and the justice policy instead of other sources outside of the framework of intellectual property law.