北京市东城区3～6个月婴儿缺铁性贫血现况研究

Research on the prevalence of IDA in3- to 6-month old infants in Dongcheng district of Beijing

目的了解目前北京市东城区3—6个月婴儿贫血、铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血患病状况以及各项指标的分布特征。方法选择2010年12月至2011年10月在北京市东城区和平里医院（东城区结核病防治所）进行卡介苗接种的全部签署知情同意的854名3—6个月婴儿为调查对象，进行血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、微量元素铁、锌原卟啉检测，同时进行问卷调查。结果东城区3—6个月婴儿贫血、铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的患病率分别为12．06％、7．38％和2．11％，其中3—4个月婴儿患病率最高。男婴和女婴贫血、铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的患病率比较差异无统计学意义（X2分别为0．3704、1．6261、2．1899，均P〉0．05）。血红蛋白诊断标准的切点位于百分位分布的10％，全血铁元素位于15％～20％；锌原卟啉则位于25％-50％。结论应进一步扩大样本量并且开展纵向研究，以确定3～6个月婴儿的血红蛋白、铁元素、锌原卟啉参考范围。应在婴儿4个月左右开始血红蛋白检查的体检项目，以便早期发现婴儿的铁营养缺乏。

Objective To explore the prevalence of anemia, and iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia （IDA） and the percentile distribution of related indexes in infants aged 3 to 6 months in Dongcheng district of Beijing. Methods All the 854 infants aged 3 to 6 months receiving BCG vaccine with informed consent form from December 2010 to October 2011 in Hepingli Hospital in Beijing were invited to detect Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Fe and ZPP in serum, and the questionnaire survey was conducted. Results The prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and IDA was 12.06%, 7.38% and 2.11%, respectively, and it was highest in infants aged 3 to 4 months. There were no significant differences in them between male and female infants（x2 value was 0. 3704, 1. 6261 and 2. 1899, respectively, all P 〉0. 05）. The cut off point of Hb was 10% in the percentile distribution of the current samples, and that of Fe and ZPP was 15% -20% and 25% -50%, respectively. Conclusion The study with larger sample and the follow-up research should be conducted to identify the reference range of serum Hb, Fe and ZPP in infants aged 3 to 6 months. The Hb examination should be taken at about 4 months to diagnose the iron nutrition deficiency at early stage.