独龙江地区竹类植物研究

Study on the Bamboos in Dulong River Area

独龙江地区由于特殊的地理位置和高山峡谷半封闭的地势,植物区系地理的组成极为复杂和多样化,作为植物界中进化水平较高的单子叶竹类植物也表现出了异常的区系组成和类型结构的多样性。通过对独龙江地区竹类植物系统调查研究,结果表明,该地区有竹类植物10属27种1变种,其中发现贡山竹属新属1个,为高黎贡山特有属,该属仅有贡山竹一个种,为竹类中唯一具有附生习性的竹种;发现毒空竹、独龙江牡竹、巴坡藤竹、高山箭竹、毛环箭竹、阔叶箭竹6个新种。独龙江地区竹类属组成以热带亚洲起源为主,包括箣竹属、空竹属、藤竹属、牡竹属和玉山竹属,共有5属;东亚属4个,为方竹属、箭竹属、新小竹属和刚竹属。种的组成以暖温带至寒温带分布的箭竹属最为丰富,共计13种,占该区竹种数的48%。独龙江地区特有种共12种,占该区竹种数的44%。根据组成竹子群落的优势竹种的不同,将该区范围内的寒温性竹林划分为马亨箭竹林、黑穗箭竹林、高山箭竹林、尖削箭竹林、皱壳箭竹林及独龙江玉山竹林6个类型。独龙江地区汇集了多种区系成分的竹类,并在这里得到分化与扩散。是典型的东南亚成分分布的北限,东亚成分分布的西限,印度—缅北成分的东限,而寒温性高山竹类在本地区得到最大程度的分化与繁衍。

The geographical composition of flora in Dulong River area was of great complexity and diversity. With relatively higher evolution level in the plant kingdom, monocotylous bamboos presented uncommon diversity of flora composition and structure. In this study bamboos in Dulong River area were investigated. The results showed that there were 1 variety, 27 species, and 10 genera, among of which one new genus, C, aoligongshania D. Z. Li was found as an endemic genus in Gaoligongshan area and 6 new species were also found. The composition of bamboos in Dulong River area mainly originated from tropical Asia including 5 genera, while other 4 genera from Eastern Asia. Of all genera, Fargesia distributed in warm temperate and cold temperate areas was the most abundant genus with 13 species, accounting for 48 % of total. There were 12 endemic genera in Dulong River area accounting for 44 % of total. According to different dominant species of bamboo communities, cold temperate bamboo forest was divided into 6 types including Fargesia communis Forest, Fargesia melanostachys Forest, Fargesia altissima Forest, Fargesia acuticonfracta Forest, Fargesia pleniculmis Forest and Yushania forcticaulis Forest. There were numerous floras of bamboos growing in Dulong River area, and then differentiated and diffused. Dulong river area was typieat north limit of Southeast Asia flora, west limit of East Asia flora and east limit of India-north Myanmar flora, cold temperate alpine bamboos differentiated and multiplied maximally in this region.