薇甘菊颈盲蝽对薇甘菊的控制作用

Effects of Pachypeltis sp. against Mikania micrantha

在首次发现薇甘菊颈盲蝽专性取食薇甘菊的基础上,为阐明其对薇甘菊的控制作用,2011～2012年,通过田间试验研究薇甘菊颈盲蝽取食对薇甘菊生长、开花、结实的影响,室内选取健壮的颈盲蝽雌、雄成虫各10头研究薇甘菊颈盲蝽雌、雄成虫取食薇甘菊的方式、取食时间、取食部位、取食量、取食频率、控制能力。结果表明,薇甘菊颈盲蝽各虫态都嗜食薇甘菊嫩叶以维持生存,薇甘菊被颈盲蝽取食后,地面直立茎长度(59.83±0.60 cm),极显著小于未受害薇甘菊地面直立茎长度(79.53±0.48 cm);受害后花序数(92.4±15.29个),极显著小于未受害花序数(710.9±47.31个);AM 9∶00～PM 9∶00,雌成虫取食嫩叶面积(1.14±0.14 cm2),显著小于雄成虫取食嫩叶面积(3.47±0.50 cm2),均大于薇甘菊颈盲蝽选择取食最小新叶面积1 cm2,1头薇甘菊颈盲蝽成虫1天足以取食1对薇甘菊新叶片;雌成虫取食嫩叶的取食频率(1.12±0.12次/min),显著小于雄成虫取食嫩叶的取食频率(2.58±0.24次/min);每天下午薇甘菊颈盲蝽成虫取食较为活跃,雌成虫取食嫩叶虫口数量PM 7∶00达到峰值(6.0±1.26头),雄成虫取食嫩叶虫口数量PM 9∶00才可达到峰值(6.2±0.66头)。薇甘菊颈盲蝽具有取食能力强、食量大、取食频率高等特点,能对薇甘菊的茎生长产生影响,抑制其无性繁殖;也可对薇甘菊的花序分化产生影响,抑制其开花结实量,有效控制薇甘菊进行有性传播、扩散,是控制薇甘菊极为重要的一种天敌昆虫。

Pachypeltis sp. was first discovered to obligately feed on Mikania micrantha, to clarify the effect of feed- ing for the growth, flowering and seeding of Mikania micrantha, 10 female and male adults respectively were select-ed to study the way, time, place, quantity and frequency of feeding and the control capacity for Mikania micran-tha. The results showed that ground erect stem length of feeding host plant 59.83 ±0. 60 cm, significantly less than 79.53±0. 48 cm of no feeding; flower number of feeding host plant 92.4 ± 15.29, significantly less than 710. 9 ±47.31 of no feeding; from 9 AM to 9 PM, female adult feeding leaves area of 1.14 ±0. 14 cm^-2, signifi-cantly less than the male adult feeding leaves area of 3. es area of 1 cm^-2, 1 adult one day can feed 2 new host 47 ±0.50 cm^-2, both larger than minimum feeding new lear-leaves ; female adult feeding frequency of 1.12 ± 0. 12/min,significantly less than the male adult of 2.58 _＋ O. 24/min; adult feeding more active in the afternoon, the peak pop-ulation quantity of female adult feeding of 6.0 ± 1.26 at 7 PM, while the male adult＇ s of 6. 2 ±0. 66 at 9 PM. With the characteristics of strong feeding ability, big appetite and high feeding frequency, Pachypeltis sp. can af- fect the stem growth to restrain the clone of host plant, affect the inflorescence differentiation to restrain the flower-ing and seeding quantity of host plant, take effective control of host plant to sexual transmission and diffusion, and can be taken as an important natural enemy for Mikania micrantha.