497例β-内酰胺类抗生素致不良反应分析

Analysis of 497 ADR Cases Induced by β-Lactams Antibiotics 1222

目的:探讨β-内酰胺类抗生素致不良反应(ADR)的特点及一般规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:筛选我院2008年10月至2012年8月患者497例,按患者年龄、性别、引起ADR的药物、原患疾病、给药途径、ADR的类型及临床表现等进行分类,并作统计分析。结果:老年患者较易发生ADR;主要症状以皮肤及附件损害为主;头孢菌素类ADR的发生率明显高于青霉素类;口服给药较为安全;给药30min内为ADR高发时段;需加强对过敏体质患者的用药监测。结论:临床应重视药物致ADR,尤其是过敏性休克等严重ADR,鼓励、推广β-内酰胺类抗生素的皮肤敏感试验工作,以确保用药安全。

OBJECTIVE： To explore the general rule and characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） caused by β-Lactam antibiotics, and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS： A total of 497 ADR reports in our hospital from Oct. 2008 to Aug. 2012 were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of age and sex of patients, involved drug, primary disease, route of administration, ADR types and clinical manifestations, etc. RESULTS： ADR were more likely to occur in elderly patients; ADR symptoms were characterized predominantly by injuries of skin and its appendents; ADR caused by cephalosporin had obviously higher incidence rate than that of penicillin; oral administrations were safer; 30 minutes after administration were high-incidence period; medication monitoring needed strengthening among allergic patients. CONCLUSIONS： Great importance should be attached to ADR in the clinic, especially to severe ADR, such as allergic shock; skin sensitivity tests for β-Lactam antibiotics are advised to guarantee safety of drug use.