“上帝之死”与黑格尔的“苦恼意识”

The "Death of God" and Hegel's "Unhappy Consciousness"

在尼采宣布"上帝已经死了"之前,黑格尔就已揭示出,在苦恼意识中"上帝本身已经死了"。然而,黑格尔借助于理性自我和解功能,使上帝在"实体即主体"的理性视界中得以新生。黑格尔对苦恼意识的解构与超越,一方面彻底改造并超越了以康德为代表的传统哲学的知性二元论的对立、抽象、片面与虚假性,在绝对唯心论的基础上实现了人与神、人与世界的和解;另一方面,黑格尔的超越却因其极端的逻各斯中心论对神性与人性的肢解,其合理性与合法性遭到现当代哲学家的质疑,倍受批驳和抛弃。然而,与他揭示出在苦恼意识中上帝已经死了这一可怕的事实相比,更为可怕的是,黑格尔为上帝的辩护、使上帝复活的劳作,却真的消灭了上帝。这样,黑格尔便与上帝之死,甚至也与后现代性勾连在一起了。

Hegel had revealed that 'God itself is dead' in the unhappy consciousness before Nietzsche declared that 'God is dead.' However,Hegel made God reborn in the rational horizon of 'entity is subject' by means of rational self-reconciliation.Hegel's deconstruction and transcendence on the unhappy consciousness reinvented and surpassed the opposition,Abstract,one-sided and false of the intellectual dualism of the traditional philosophy represented by Kant,achieving the reconciliation of man and God,man and the world,on the basis of absolute idealism;on the other hand,Hegel's surpassing led to false because of its extreme logocentrism dismemberment and Abstract of divinity and humanity,and its rationality and legitimacy have been questioned,refuted and discarded by contemporary philosophical masters.However,compared with the terrible fact that he revealed that 'God itself is dead' in the unhappy consciousness,even more frightening is that Hegel's defense of God made God resurrected to labor,really eliminating God(but he himself did not know it).In this way,Hegel is connected with the death of God as well as the post-modernity.