对外贸易技术效应与中国工业CO_2排放绩效

Technical Effects of International Trade and Industrial CO_2 Emission Performance in China

随着对外贸易规模的扩大,对外贸易技术效应对中国工业CO2排放的影响如何?主要通过何种技术溢出途径影响工业CO2排放,是否存在行业异质性?本文基于DEA非参数方法测算了中国34个工业行业2001-2010年的Malmquist-Luenberger CO2排放绩效及其分解指数,并运用投入产出表构建进口和出口贸易水平技术溢出、出口贸易后向技术溢出以及进口贸易前向技术溢出四种指标,进而考察对外贸易技术效应对CO2排放绩效及其分解指数的影响。全行业的研究表明,出口贸易水平技术溢出抑制了技术进步,而出口贸易水平技术溢出和后向技术溢出促进了技术效率的改进;进口贸易水平技术溢出抑制了技术效率的改善,而进口贸易前向技术溢出促进了技术效率的提升。分行业看,出口贸易技术效应对两类行业CO2排放绩效分解指数的影响基本一致,而进口贸易技术效应的影响迥异。本文最后建议,我国应不断优化出口贸易技术结构,鼓励与促进出口贸易企业的本土化采购,扩大进口贸易中高新技术产品份额,以充分发挥对外贸易技术效应对CO2排放绩效的积极作用。

With the expansion of international trade scale, what are the technical effects of international trade on CO2 emissions？ As to the technical spillovers of international trade, which are the main channels that benefit the industrial carbon abatement？ Is there a difference between the technical effects of international trade in different industries？ Based on the DEA non-parameter method, this paper uses the Malmquist-Luenberger index to estimate CO2 emission performance and its decomposition indexes between 2001 and 2010 across 34 Chinese industrial sectors, and it constructs the indexes of horizontal technology spillovers from import trade and export trade, backward technology spillovers from export trade and forward technology spillovers from import trade based on the input-output tables, and then examines the technical effects of international trade on CO2 emission performance and its decomposition indexes. Results from the whole 34 industries show that, horizontal technology spillovers from export trade have obvious negative effects on the technology advancement, but horizontal technology spillovers and backward technology spillovers from export trade have significant promotion effects on the technology efficiency. Horizontal technology spillovers from import trade have obvious negative effects on the technology efficiency, while forward technology spillovers from import trade improve the technology efficiency. This paper also shows that for industrial sectors, the technical effects of export trade on the technology advancement and the technology efficiency are similar comparing the heavy industries and the light industries, however, the technical effects of export trade are different. In conclusions, it brings forward solutions as follows： Chinese government should continuously optimize the technology structure of export trade, encourage and improve localization purchase of export companies, and enlarge the proportion of the high-teeh products in the import trade, in order to take full advantage of technical effects of international trade on industrial CO2 emission performance.