中国玉米秸秆直接还田的现状与发展

Development of Direct Return of Corn Stalk to Soil: Current Status,Driving Forces and Constraints

推广秸秆还田对于改善土壤条件、促进农业可持续发展意义重大。但与美国等发达国家相比,我国玉米秸秆直接还田比例仍较低,地域差异明显。本文旨在从技术和经济两个方面,掌握玉米秸秆直接还田的现状,理清未来推广的重点和思路。为此,采用实地调查、文献资料查阅和专家访谈等研究方法,首先利用技术参数对我国玉米秸秆的资源总量及其使用结构进行估计,从总体上把握玉米秸秆的资源状况和还田发展水平;其次依据文献和调研信息,从积极和消极两个方面系统分析了玉米秸秆直接还田技术应用的经济环境影响,从技术和经济两个角度分析了现阶段推广该技术面临的主要瓶颈;再次结合美国推广的成功经验,论证了我国未来推广玉米秸秆直接还田技术的可行性,并明确了未来推广的关键;最后从政策、技术、舆论和调研四个方面提出了政策建议。

The direct return of corn stalk to soil can significantly contribute to the improvement of soil fertility and the sustainable development of agriculture. Comparing to the status quo in many developed countries like the U. S. , the return rate of corn stalk in China is still at a lower level with obvious regional discrepancy. This paper aims to understand the current status of direct return of corn stalk to soil and to identify the main constrains and strategies for the development of such tillage technology from both the technical and economic perspectives. To achieve these objectives, methods such as field survey, literature review and expert interview were employed. First, the paper estimates the amount and utilization of corn stalk resources in China by using relative technical conversion parameters to understand the potentials and use of corn stalks in China. Second, this paper analyzes the positive and negative effects of practices of direct return of corn stalk to soil on local agricultural production and on environment. The main technological and economic constraints to the extension of such technology are also discussed. Finally, incorporating with successful experiences from the U. S. , this paper discusses the feasibility and key constraints to be addressed for extension of direct return of corn stalk to soil in future China. Practical suggestions from the perspective of policy, technology, public environment and survey are provided in the conclusions.