美国的社区发展历程及经验

Development and experience of American communities

根据不同历史时期的侧重点,描述了美国社区发展的三个阶段:进步时代以救助城市穷人为目的的民间自发阶段;约翰逊时代以反贫困为主要目标的大发展阶段;克林顿时代以振兴地方经济为主要目的的再发展阶段。讨论了这三个阶段各自的特点。美国社区发展的历史经验表明,政府应将社区发展政策作为实现社会全面进步的重要手段;鼓励非政府组织作为社区发展实践的主体;在不同的发展阶段,根据社会经济发展的需要,社区发展应采取不同的政策手段。

Three periods of community development of America are described in the essay according to the different focus in different time. In the progressive era community develop- ment was a voluntary movement by folks which focused on the new immigrants of the big cities. When Mr. Jonson came to be the president, he leaded The War on Poverty around the nation. And president Clinton＇ s recovery of local economic development let community development step on a new period. The experiences from American community development are the government should take community development as an important approach to social progress as well as take diversity policies due to the different socioeconomic background and the CBOs should take the duty of implementation of such policies.