泄流建筑物空蚀问题和防止措施

Cavitation Corrosion Problems of Water discharge Structure and Prevention Measures

高坝泄洪时高速水流对过流边界产生气蚀与破坏，将影响运行安全。本文主要介绍空蚀的机理和判据，介绍了防止空蚀的工程措施：力求水流理论空化系数大于初生空化数，控制高速水流边界的施工不平整度，重视高速水流的掺气减蚀措施，采用抗空蚀性能优良的建筑材料。本文可供初参加设计工作的年轻工程师参考。

The high-speed water flow causes cavitation corrosion and damage to the overflow boundary when the high dam discharges the flood, which will affect the operating safety of the dam. This article mainly introduces the mechanism and criterion of cavitation corrosion, as well as the engineering measures to prevent cavitation corrosion： so as to make the theoretical cavitation factor of the water flow larger than the incipient cavitation factor, control the construction unevenness of the high-speed flow boundary, pay attention to the aeration measures for alleviating cavitation corrosion and use the building materials with good cavitation corrosion resistance. This .article can provide references for the young engineers who just participate in the design work.