气候变化背景下森林资源发展的机遇

Opportunities in Forest Resources Development Under Climate Change

气候变化的影响多被认为是负面的,甚至是毁灭性的,然而对林业生产也存在着正面作用。文中借助3个例子来说明降雨量和气温的变化可能对林木生长潜势的影响,以及在气候变化和发展森林资源中如何予以善用。气温升高和降雨量增加,在一定范围内能够提高森林生态系统的林木生长量,特别在生长明显受温湿度约束的温带、寒温带、高海拔、干旱和半干旱地区;改变各地区引种树木的种植分布,扩大生长快、效益好树木的种植范围;改变树木受温湿度所制约的边缘分布区,使其逐步变成适生区或种植区。可以利用现有气候、生物地理、引种、遗传改良等知识,结合进一步的系统试验研究,在林业实践中把气候变化变成机遇,提高森林生态系统的生产力。

The impacts of climate change are usually thought as negative and even disastrous, Climate change could however play a positive role in forestry development. In this report, three cases were presented to demonstrate the potential change in the growth of forest trees in the wake of the change in temperature and precipitation, and how to make it beneficial in balancing temperature rise and developing forest resources. Increase in temperature and precipitation may improve the growth of forest, particularly in temporal, boreal, high altitudinal, arid and semi-arid regions ; change the distribution of exotic tree species in different regions and expand the planting range of those with fast-growing and high-return properties; and gradually change the marginal distributing areas where forest tree growth moisture and made them the adaptive areas. In practice, may be adversely impacted by temperature and climate change can be turned into opportunities for improving wood productivity of forest ecosystems through integrative use of existing knowledge in terms of climate, biogeography, tree domestication and genetic improvement and further systematic trials and studies.