命令句中的“命令”和“非命令”——关于“てください”表达功能的探讨

“Commands”and“Non-commands”in an Imperative Sentence: A Study on the Expression Functions of tekudasai

作为一种命令形式,以往的研究普遍认为"てください"主要表达「命令」或「依頼」,两者同属"命令"类用法。本文指出从说话人的表达意图来看,"てください"实际上存在"命令"和"非命令"两类不同的用法,并通过对"てください"所涉及的"行为内在意义"进行分析,论证"命令"和"非命令"两者的差异以及各自具体表达功能的不同。鉴于"命令"用法和"非命令"用法的差异还关系到"てください"这种命令形式的使用是否受双方关系的制约,因此区分两类不同用法对指导日语学习和使用也具有一定的现实意义。

This study aims to illustrate the expression functions of tekudasaL As an imperative form, the expression functions of tekudasai are generally considered as ＂commands＂ or ＂requests＂, which both belong to the same use. From the expressing intentions of speakers, we can divide the use of tekudasai into two different types. By analyzing the inner meaning of behavior, this study shows the differences between the expression functions of ＂commands＂ and ＂non-commands＂. Since the different uses of ＂commands＂ and ＂non-commands＂ are restricted by the relations between the speaker and listener, distinguishing the two different uses is also important for Japanese language study and use.