论日语动词语义特征与句法结构的关系——以“越える”和“渡る”为例

A Study of the Semantic Features of Verbs and Syntactic Structural Relations in Japanese

作为语言单位的词、词组、句子的语义之间主要存在聚合关系和组合关系,如果从组合关系和聚合关系这两方面进行考察,就能对句法做比较全面的研究。句法结构由词和词组按照一定的语法规则、遵守语义的组合规律结合而成。本论文运用生成语法中的格语法理论,以移动自动词"越える"和"渡る"为例,在用词汇语义学的研究方法对"越える"和"渡る"进行语义分析的基础上,以实证的方法阐释了在动词谓语句中动词的语义特征和语义结构可以影响句法结构的观点。

Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations are the major types of relations among words, phrases and sentence semantics, based on which an all-round syntactic study can be done. Syntactic structures comprise a combination of words and phrases grouped by a certain series of grammatical rules and ways of semantic composition. By taking the intransitive verbs ＂koeru＂ and ＂wataru＂ as an example, this study analyses the two verbs and uses case grammar, a type of generative grammar approach, to develop the theory that in the verb predicate sentence, semantic features of verbs and syntactic structures can influence the sentence structures.