作者意图的捍卫与人文精神的守望——论赫施意图论解释学的伦理内涵

The Defense of Intention and the Preserving of Humanistic Spirit——Ethical Contents of Hirsch’s Intentionalist Hermeneutics

美国学者赫施始终将作者意图视为实现解释之客观有效性的最可靠保障,而支撑其意图论主张的最重要依据则在于伦理层面上的深入思考。在赫施的理论中,对意图的理解已不仅仅是探查文本意义的便捷方式,而是上升为了应当被虔敬遵循的伦理上的迫切要求,并进而涉及到了自我与他者、自由与限制,以及解释者所应当担负的精神职责等更加具体而细致的领域。赫施的努力不仅丰富了文学理论中关于作者意图的既有论说,更无疑在道德贫乏的现今文化语境下凸显出了独特的价值和意义。

American scholar Hirsch always treats the author＇s intention as the most reliable ways to achieve the objectivity and validity of interpretation, and the most important basis for his position is the in--depth thinking on the ethical dimension. In Hirsch＇s theoretical system, the understanding of the author＇s intention is no longer convenient ways to explore the meaning of the text, but one kind of ethical requirement which should be met prudently. Furthermore, Hirsch＇s theory conrains a lot of specific and detailed questions： the self and the other, freedom and restrictions, as well as the spiritual duties of interpreters. In a word, Hirsch＇s efforts not only enrich the existing opinions on the author＇s intention, but also exhibit its unique value and significance in contemporary context which is lack of morality.