制度红利、能力构建与产业升级中“低端锁定”的破解

Institutional Bonus,Capability Building and Solutions to "Low-end Locking" in Industrial Upgrading

后发地区以承接产业转移为基础的产业升级普遍面临低端锁定困境。其原因在于过分依赖低级要素的禀赋优势,而向下竞争政策和交易效率劣势又进一步诱发对低级要素的路径依赖,难以形成与产业升级所匹配的后天高级要素和区域创新能力。适时采取向上竞争政策,以制度红利替代人口红利,营造有利于高层次产业转移和优势企业成长的新比较优势,是后发地区打破低端锁定、实现创新驱动发展的必由途径。

Developing regions always meet ＂low-end locking＂ dilemma in the process of industrial upgrading based on industry transfer. The reason of that is complex： overcome-reliance on low-level elements endowment, path dependence on low-level elements induced by policy of ＂ race to the bottom＂ and disadvantage of transaction efficiency , shortage of man-made ad- vanced factors and regional innovation capability matching to industrial upgrading In order to break the ＂low-end locking＂ and fulfill innovation-driven development, the developing region ought to adopt ＂race to the top＂ policy, substitute demographic dividend by institutional bonus, create the new comparative advantage that is conducive to high-level industry transfer and growth of advanced local firms.