额颞叶痴呆患者的临床特征与早期诊断

The clinical features and early diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia

目的:探讨额颞叶痴呆患者的临床特征,为早期诊断提供依据。方法:回顾性分析16例额颞叶痴呆患者的临床特点。结果:额颞叶痴呆早期的首发症状以人格改变(75%)、精神行为症状(12.5%)、语言障碍(25%)或(伴)记忆力下降(50%)等为主。伴随认知功能的逐步下降,患者会逐渐出现各种非特异的症状表现如淡漠、失眠、注意力不集中、异常或刻板行为、易激惹、口欲亢进、脱抑制及收藏癖。额颞叶痴呆的首次诊断符合率总体在50%左右。结论:额颞叶痴呆患者症状丰富且无特异性,早期诊断需要综合考虑,特别要警惕痴呆患者的首发症状。

Objective：To explore the clinical features of frontotemporal dementia and provide some evi- dence for early diagnosis. Method：The clinical data of 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia were ana- lyzed retrospectively. Results ： Personality changes （ 75 % ）, psychotic symptoms （ 12.5 % ）, language disorder （25 % ） or （with） memory loss （50%） are most common in the early stage of frontotemporal dementia. Along with the cognition decrease, many nonspecific symptoms gradu＇,flly show such as apathy, insomnia, inattention, abnormal or stereotype behavior, irritation, hypcrorality and disinhibition and oniomania etc. Still they would show anxiety,depression,hallucinations,delusions,etc. The coincidence rate of first diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia was 50% in general. Conclusion ： The symptoms of frontotemporal dementia are rich and no speci- ficity, clinician need to alert the first symptom of frontotemporal dementia.