秋水仙素诱导细叶百合多倍体研究

Colchicines-induced polyploid plants and identification in Lilium pumilum DC

为获得具有优良观赏性状和农艺性状的细叶百合四倍体植株,并为百合的新品种选育提供性状优良的杂交亲本,以细叶百合种子(2n=2x=24)为试验材料,通过秋水仙素浸泡种子的方法,研究了不同秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对细叶百合染色体加倍的诱导效果。结果表明:以0.1%秋水仙素处理24h诱导效果最佳,变异率最高,达30%。经根尖染色体鉴定,四倍体植株染色体数目为2n=4x=48。四倍体植株气孔密度减少,气孔增大;前期生长势缓慢,叶片短缩增宽,叶色加深;后期生长健壮,叶片增大明显。通过对经秋水仙素诱导获得的变异植株形态、气孔的观察测定以及染色体倍性鉴定,成功获得了细叶百合的多倍体植株。

This work was aimed to obtain tetraploid Lilium pumilum DC with excellent ornamental traits and agronomic characters,and provide better cross parent for breeding of new Lilium variety. The seeds of Lilium pumilum DC （2n = 2x = 24） were treated with different concentrations of colchicine solution at different hours in order to figure out a proper method and obtain polyploids. The results indicated that the most effective induction was obtained by 0.1% colchicine treatment for 24 hours with 30 % mutation rate. By chromosome observation of root tip, the tetraploid plants were successfully obtained with the chromosome number 2n = 4x = 48. The tetraploid plants showed obvious characteristics of low stoma density,large stoma,slow growth,thick and wide leaves and dark leaf color at the initial stage,but quick growth and large leaves at later stage. The results indicated that the polyploid plants were identified by phenotype, stomas and chromosome number observation.