乌鲁木齐市园林春秋季鸟类群落多样性

Avian Community Diversity in Urumqi Downtown Parks and Green Lands

2011年4～5月、10～11月,用样线法对乌鲁木齐市中心城区5个园林鸟类群落的组成和多样性进行了调查,共记录到鸟类47种,隶属于9目23科,分布型以古北界为主。其中留鸟、夏候鸟和冬候鸟分别占鸟类总种数的44.68%、34.04%和10.64%,鸟类群落优势种为[树]麻雀Passer montanus、家麻雀Passer domesticus和乌鸫Turdus merula。园林鸟类的平均密度为(11.27±4.3)只/hm2(±S.D.),春季鸟类密度高于秋季,但二者差异不显著(F=0.002,P=0.194)。春季鸟类群落拥有较高物种丰富度和多样性,夏候鸟是此时鸟类群落的重要组成部分;秋季鸟类群落的多样性低而优势度较高,冬候鸟对群落结构影响不大。各园林样地记录到的鸟类种数和密度差异较为明显,园林的内部生境多样性与鸟类种数呈正相关(R=0.9,P=0.037)。

From April to May and October to November 2011, the composition and diversity of avian community were surveyed in five downtown parks of Urumqi by the transect-line method. 47 bird species belonging to 9 orders, 23 families were recorded in total and the major species distribution pattern was the Palearctic type. Residents, summer breeders and winters respectively accounted for 44.68% , 34.04% and 10.64% ＇of the recorded species. Mean density of birds in downtown parks was （ 11.27 ± 4.3 ） ind./hm2 （ mean ± S. D. ）, and the dominating species was Passer montanas, P. domesticus and Turdus rnerula. Bird density in spring was higher than that of autumn but the difference was not significant （ F = 0. 002 ,P = 0. 194）. With diverse summer breeders as a vital composition, spring avian community showed higher species richness and diversity ; autumn avian community present a relatively higher dominance index with a lower diversity because of the gathering of human-accompanying species, while the influence from winter species on avian community structure was slight. There was significant difference among species number and bird density of the five downtown parks, and the bird species was positively correlated with inner habitat diversity of the parks.