神东煤田原地面侵蚀产沙规律野外降雨试验

Effect of simulated rainfall experiments on soil erosion and sediment yield of the undisturbed lands in Shendong coalfield

为科学计算煤矿开发建设过程中弃土弃渣、扰动地面、非硬化路面等的新增水土流失量,以神府东胜煤田为研究背景,将未经人为扰动撂荒地作为自然侵蚀本底值的研究对象,采用野外人工模拟降雨的方法,对原地面的侵蚀产沙规律进行研究。结果表明:原地面含沙量随时间的变化形式有3种,平缓型、单峰型和多峰型。产流时间与降雨强度、产沙量与降雨强度和坡度的关系均呈幂函数相关,径流流速和流深与降雨强度呈指数函数相关,径流量与降雨强度、产沙量与径流量之间呈线性相关。

In order to measure and analyze runoff and sediment loads on undisturbed lands for estimation of increased sediment loads on a mine wastes as well as on disturbed land and unpaved roads,a field rainfall experiment in Shenfu Dongsheng coal field was conducted. Results indicated that the variations of sediment yield appeared in three types, that is, smooth, unimodal,and multimodal types. The relationships between runoff generation time and rainfall intensity, sediment yield and rainfall intensity and sediment yield and slope could be described with power function; the changes of runoff velocity and depth with rainfall intensity followed exponential function ;and the runoff yield with rainfall intensity, sediment and runoff yield were accorded with linear relationship.