生态学视角下的草地载畜量概念

The concept of carrying capacity on ecological angle of view

从防止草地土壤侵蚀这个全新的视角出发 ,对草地载畜量的确定方法进行了系统的理论探讨。首先讨论了牲畜放牧通过直接和间接的方式对草地土壤侵蚀的影响 ,接着就风蚀和水蚀这两种干旱半干旱区草地最重要最常见的土壤侵蚀方式 ,探讨了植被有效覆盖度的确定 ,并在此基础上 ,给出了牧草可采食率和载畜量的确定方法。

Bue to the fragility and uncertainty of ecological conditions in arid and semi arid grasslands, the traditional concept of carrying capacity based on the balance between forage yield and livestock utilization cannot ensure the prevention of grasslands from degradation and desertificantion. It is necessary, therefore, to review and modify the concept. In this study, the concept is examined in an angle of view of grassland ecology. Related discussions include the direct and indirect effects of grazing animals on the soil, the way for determining the effective vegetation coverage against wind and water erosion and , at last, a new way for determining a rational carrying capacity which can avoid grassland degradation.