科学编史学：从殖民主义到后殖民主义

Historiography of Science: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism

如何理解16世纪以来的西方科学传播史？20世纪60年代,基于实证主义的科学观,美国科学史家巴萨拉提出了一个包括三个相继阶段的传播模型,这是一种线性的、单向的与同质化的殖民主义扩张模式。20世纪90年代后,随着＂科学实践文化＂研究的兴起,田野科学进入了科学史家的视野,开始用＂文化相遇模型＂取代线性的＂传播模式＂,倡导后殖民主义的多元相互作用的历史,偏爱一种非线性的、多元视角的深描,研究历史中机遇性交流实践,重新解释非西方文化及其自然知识的遗产,关注科学实践的多维度的地方性情境,消除帝国主义在宏大科学叙事的历史舞台上的绝对中心地位,创造出一种西方与非西方的历史的相对平等的有效对话空间。

How we understand the history of the spread of western science from 16 century? In 1967,based on positivism,G.Basalla,an American historian of science,put forth a model of three-phases of science spread,which is a linear,unidirectional and homogeneous colonial expanding.From 90s of 20 century,with the rise of culture of practice of science,field science enters into the horizon of historian of science,they substitute Cultural Encounter for model of linear spread,initiate history of postcolonial multi-interaction,prefer non-linear and multi-perspective thick description,study emergent communicative practices,reinterpret non-western cultures and its heritages of natural knowledge,pay attention to multi-dimension local contexts,remove the absolute center of grand scientific narratives of imperialism,and thus create a relatively equal and effective historical space of dialogue of western and non-western.