商周时期的俞国史事考析

On the History of the State Yu in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

根据彝器铭文,商周时期有个俞国。参考其他"小臣X"的用例,商代的俞国有军事首领小臣俞。通过考证研究,我们知悉在由三个族氏名号构成的复合氏名"俞舌"中,俞国与族是通婚关系。商周时期的俞国拥有林、类的附属国。上古时期有两个与"俞"有关的地名,分别在今山东夏津县和四川南江及其下游的渠江,商周时期的俞国与夷方、地相近,当位于山东夏津县。西周时期有个西俞国,当即《史记·赵世家》的"西俞"地,它附属于周。从地理分布来看,西俞国和俞国是两个并立国,但二者之间有一定的关系。春秋时期的俞国和鲁国之间有通婚关系,根据同姓不婚的原则,俞国应不是姬姓。

There was a state named Yu in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty,the military leader called'little official Yu'was in the state Yu. People in the state had connection with a clan by marriage. The state Yu was located in Xiajin county,Shandong province in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. By examining the related inscriptions on bronze objects,we could know more historical details about the state Yu.