“问”之阐释——从现象学与诠释学的观点看

Explanation of Question——From the Points of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics

各式各样的"问"呈现出共同的结构。哲学之问的特殊之处在于,它是"以超乎寻常的方式对超乎寻常的东西作超乎寻常的发问"。对胡塞尔来说,提问体现了问者与答者的一种本源性关系。意向性则是影响提问的重要因素之一。对海德格尔来说,发问是"此在"的存在方式。所有发问都是一种寻求。伽达默尔则认为问题在诠释学中具有优先性,诠释学现象包含了问答逻辑。理解问题就像提出问题一样意味着打开意义的可能性。对本文作者而言,"问"是由发问者、问之内容和问之情境构成的三维结构。发问是人的本性并可分为自问和他问。大部分"问"表现了人的困惑和求索愿望,但问寒问暖式的问的首要意义在于人的伦理关切。

All kinds of question take on a common structure. Philosophical questions are charac- terized by the fact that philosophy ＂questions extraordinarily on extraordinary things in an ex- traordinary way＂. For Husserl, question embodies an original relation between questioner and an- swerer. Intentionality is one of important elements which influence upon questioning. For Heide- gger, questioning is a way of being of Dasein. All questionings are always search. And Gadamer insists that question take a superior place in hermeneutics and the phenomena of hermeneutics contain a kind of logic of dialogue. For him, like questioning, understanding of question is open- ing the possibilities of meaning. In the eyes of this paper, questioning is a three-dimension struc- ture which is constituted by questioner, the content of question and situation of question. As a kind of human nature, questioning divides itself into question on oneself and question on others. Most questions represent perplexity and desire for inquiry of human beings. However, the prima- ry significance of question for the purpose of care consists in its ethical concern.