土壤重金属含量测定不同消解方法比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Detection of Heavy Metal in Soil with Different Digestion Methods

消解是影响土壤重金属测定结果准确性的关键步骤。比较电热板消解、微波消解和全自动石墨消解3种消解方法的操作流程,同时对不同类型土壤样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni 6种元素含量进行对比测定,结果表明,电热板消解设备简单,但步骤繁锁,操作不当易造成组分损失;微波消解速度快,测定结果精密性和准确性较好,但仍需人工赶酸程序且罐位少,不适合大批量样品分析;全自动石墨消解不仅测定结果精密性和准确性较好,而且自动化程度高,可实现无人值守,大大节省人力,尤其适合大批量样品的分析。

Digestion method is the key step to affect the results accuracy of detection of heavy metal in soil. Comparing operating procedures of electricity-plate digestion, microwave digestion and automated sample digestion, while detecting Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr and Ni in different soil samples with three digestion methods, results show that the instruments of electricity-plate digestion is simple, but the complicated operating procedures make the components in soil lost. Microwave digestion is rapid and accurate, but this method is not suitable for determination of a large number soil samples due to few row of the instrument and dispelling the acid by operator. Automated sample digestion is convenient, precise, accurate and highly automated for determination of a large number soil samples.