曹操与谋士关系新论——《三国演义》君臣关系管窥之三

A New Discussion about the Relationship Between Cao Cao and His Advisers ——A Restricted View of the Relationship Between the Monarch and His Subjects in The Romance of Three Kingdoms(Part Three)

曹操与谋士的关系,是《三国演义》君臣关系的一个层面,在魏、蜀、吴三方中表现最为复杂,其文化内涵也比较丰厚。整体可视之为君臣关系的扭曲形态,但也有前后期的差异。前期是君臣关系的常态为主,扭曲为辅;后期则演变为扭曲为主,甚至大开杀戒。其演化轨迹是扭曲趋势愈演愈烈,光彩渐失。其关系恶化的深层原因,有政治的因素,也有文化的因素,还有人性的因素。在封建专制政体制约下,曹操与谋士关系的实质是主奴有别,谋士们无法摆脱其人身依附关系的本质。

In The Romance of Three Kingdoms, the relationship between Cao Cao and his advisers is an level of the relations between the monarch and his subjects, which is the most complicated one in Wei, Su and Wu kingdoms and has much richer cultural connotations. The level can be entirely regarded as a distorted formation and has differences in the adjacent periods . In the early period, the relationship was mainly in normal state ; in the late period , such a relationship developed into a distorted one ：Cao Cao began killing blow wantonly. The change path resuhed in the severely distorted tendency and gradually losing the kingdom＇s luster. The deep reasons for deteriorating relationship are related to political and cultural factors and humanistic factors as well. Under the restriction of the feudal autocratic government , the central point of relationship between Cao Cao and his advisers is the differences between masters and slaves in which advisers could not get rid of the essence of re3lation of one man in bondage to another.