执行意向对目标达成的促进及其作用过程

The Promotion Role of Implementation Intentions on Goal Achievement and Their Psychological Processes

执行意向,也被称为"如果—那么"计划,是指将一个预期的情境与一个确定的目标定向行为联系起来,明确说明了个体在什么时间、地点以及如何追求一个特定目标的计划。大量的实验室和现场实验研究发现,执行意向能有效促进目标的达成。执行意向中"如果"成分使得预期情境线索的心理表征高度激活;而"那么"成分使得计划中的反应得以自动实施。这两个假设的认知过程已被证实,并且在执行意向影响目标达成过程中起到中介作用。在未来的研究中除了将其与动机理论进行整合以及更深入地去探讨其心理机制之外,还要积极进行本土化的实证研究。

Implementation intentions are the if-then plans that specify when, where, and how one will strive towards particular goals. During the past two decades, numerous laboratory and field experiments which conducted in this domain have found that the implementation intentions -- a kind of prospective self-regulation strategy -- were effective in promoting a wide variety of desired outcomes including laboratory cognitive task goal, health goals, and academic goals. The ＂if＇ component makes the cue accessibility highly active and the ＂then＂ component makes the response automatically implemented. The accessibility of both plan components （cue accessibility and cue-response linkage） mediates the impact of the if-then planning on goal attainment. Future research should be more conducted on the psychological mechanism. What＇s more, more studies based on the Chinese culture are needed as they have important practical meaning in China.