近年天津地区冰雹和雷暴天气特征研究

Analysis of Hailstone and Thunderstorm Characteristics in Tianjin during Recent Years

基于天津地区13个观测站的1990～2009年冰雹资料和2000～2009年雷暴资料,分析了近年来天津地区降雹、雷暴的时空分布特点,并总结出当前雷暴云移动路径,以及引发此类天气的主要影响系统。主要结论为:(1)近20年天津地区年平均雹日是12.6d,北部蓟县为冰雹天气多发区,冰雹天气常出现在春夏秋季节,集中出现在每年3～9月;(2)全市13个测站在13:00(北京时间,下同)到20:00之间雷暴的发生概率较大,且西北路径,西南路径的雷暴云出现频率较高,占到了65.2%;(3)引发天津地区冰雹及雷暴天气的主要影响系统为高空冷涡和高空槽,所占比例为49.54%和43.12%。

Using hailstone and thunderstorm data from 13 meteorological observation stations, this article analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hailstones and thunderstorms in Tianjin and determines the routes of thunderstorm clouds and influence systems. The results showed that： （1） The annual mean number of hailstone-days was 12.6 d during the most recent 20 years, and Jixian district had the most hailstone-days. Hailstone weather often appeared in spring, summer, and autumn, and was concentrated from March to September. （2） The thunderstorm emergence pro- bability was high from 1300 LST to 2000 LST. Those thunderclouds which emerged in the northwest and southwest had the highest frequency, with a total proportion of 65.2%. （3） The primary influence systems that could cause hailstones and thunderstorms in Tianjin were high-level vortices and upper troughs, with proportions of 49.54% and 43.12%, respec- tively.