宋明武学概览

The Overview of Military Education in Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty

运用文献整理的方法,梳理了宋明两代大量史书、文集、笔记中与武学相关的资料,从生源、教学内容、管理机构与办法、学制以及其在教育体系中的地位,通过比较分析宋明武学的特点,指出明代武学的完备是在宋代武学的基础和不足上建立起来的,并形成了自己的特色。宋明武学的异同,既是文武分途的趋势使然,又是我国"文治"社会进一步完善的表现,不是"尚武"精神的表现,也是中央集权加强的必然。宋明武学的实效都未能实现其初衷,故又遭到严厉的批判,但其制度史意义不容小视,它对我国近现代的军事教育依然有借鉴价值。

Using the literature method, the paper summarizes the documents related to military education in abundant historical books, works and notes in Song and Ming dynasty. From the source of students, teaching content, manage-ment mechanism and approach, educational system and educational system status, the paper makes comparative analysis on the characteristics of the military education in Song and Ming dynasty. It points out that the complete military educa- tion in the Ming Dynasty formed its own characteristics based on Song. The similarities and differences are the inevita-ble trend of separating military and literature and it is the expression of the development of civil service system, oppo-site to the spirit of military first. It is the indispensable result of centralization. The effect of Song and Ming military ed- ucation fell short of its original idea which made its into harsh critique. But the significance of its system history can not be ignored. It can be a good reference to China＇s military education in the neoteric and modern period.