“失信之地”——试论菲律宾综合土改

Land of Broken Promises:A Critic on the Philippines Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

阿基诺总统启动的综合土改项目,是菲律宾历史上规模最大的改革,也是同期世界范围内最大的改革。综合土改不但覆盖地块规模广泛,而且预计受益人群也非常庞大。然而改革启动以来20多年,菲律宾农民的生活依然贫困。土改一定程度上缓解了土地分配不公的局面,但是土改的方式是保守的。滥觞于20世纪80年代的新自由主义政策思潮在综合土改中注入太多市场化元素,导致土改的重分性质越发微弱。"失信之地"是阿基诺对于前任土改的指责,然而同样适用于综合土改。

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program （CARP）, which was initiated by President Aquino, proves to be the most far-reaching reform in the Philippines＇ history as well as on the contemporary globe. CARP not only has huge coverage but also is of full potential for benefiting huge amount of poor farmers. However, things have not gone well in the last 20 years. Poor farmers remain poor nowadays. CARP does sort of improve land distribution, but it turns to be too much conservative. It becomes even worse since neoliberalism, which sprang up during 1980s, introduced pro-market approach to CARP. This makes CARP even less redistributive. ＂Land of Broken Promises＂, which was quoted by Aquino when she complained about previous land reform as a failure, also seems to be applicable to CARP itself.