评哈耶克《自由秩序原理》

A Review of The Constitution of Liberty by Hayek

哈耶克通过《自由秩序原理》一书明确提出"自生自发秩序"的概念,以保守的个人经验主义为理论方法,以有限理性的假设为前提,进而阐述社会发展的自生自发的原理,认为这是普遍有效以及最优化选择,并借以批评社会主义。但是,从该书也可以看到哈耶克理论方法的绝对化、理论假设的虚拟性以及理论固有的困境与难题,集中表现在个人经验的方法论具有局限性,而有限理性本身也是有限的,大量的社会发展事实证明理性指导的可能性和必要性,哈耶克在理论与实践两方面都充分展示了他的保守和自相矛盾。

Hayek clearly puts forward the concept of ＂Spontaneous Order＂ in his book The Constitution of Liberty. Based on his experimentalism as the theoretical method and the bounded rationality hypothe-sis as the premise, Hayek elaborates the theory of spontaneous development of the society. He believes that the concept of ＂Spontaneous Order＂ is universally effective and optimum. Hence, he takes this concept as a rationale to criticize socialism. However, it can be seen from the book that the theoretical method Hayek took is absolute, and the virtuality of the hypothesis as well as the inherent dilemma and problems exists in the concept. All these reveal that experimentalism and bounded rationality are limit-ed. Therefore, both theoretically and practically, Hayek fully demonstrates his conservativeness and contradiction, because abundant facts drawn from social development have proved that the guidance of rationality is possible and essential.