自然灾害后儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍评估量表的应用

The Application of Assessment Scale of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to Children and Adolescents after Natural Disasters

目的旨在总结应用于评估灾后儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍的诊断和评估量表,分析其实际适用情况,并针对目前量表应用存在的问题提出相应的观点和建议,以期为我国儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)相关研究提供参考。方法对近10年来国内外的相关文章进行综述。结果阐述了5种PTSD评估量表,包括临床访谈(采用量表的结构化形式)和自评量表两大类,应用量表的文章的创伤领域则包括4种,分别是地震、龙卷风、台风或飓风以及海啸,研究者在各量表的选择缺乏统一标准。结论适合灾后儿童和青少年PTSD的评估量表有待进一步的研究,以防止对此年龄段人群未能作出PTSD的全面诊断或者治疗不足。

Objectives To review the application and the effect of assessment scale of posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） to children and adolescents. Methods We reviewed journals on the disciplines of pediatrics, child psychology, and trauma, from 1999 to 2012, to identify assessment scales of PTSD for children and adolescents. Results Five assessment scales of PTSD were identified, and were divided into two categories including clinician-adminis- tered interviews and self-report questionnaires. Articles containing the assessment scales were categorized into four trauma domains （earthquake, tornado, typhoon or hurricane and tsunami）. We found there was not uniform stand- ards in choosing assessment scales. Conclusions The assessment scale of PTSD of children and adolescents should be improved to prevent failing to make the comprehensive diagnosis of PTSD.