家庭社会经济地位与中学生学业成绩的关系研究

The Impact of Family Socioeconomic Status on Students' Academic Achievement

本研究借助PISA测验,以我国东北、华东、华南、西南、西北五个地区的5066名初三学生为被试,探讨了学生的家庭社会经济地位(SES)与其学业成绩之间的关系。结果显示:(1)家庭SES与学生的学业学习存在密切关联。母亲受教育水平、家庭中的学习辅助工具对其学业成绩的影响最为显著;家庭财富水平与学生学业成绩之间的关联,取决于投资物品与学生学习活动的关联度。(2)家庭SES与学生的学校类型显著相关。家庭SES水平高的学生,进入重点中学的比例更高。(3)中国父母对孩子普遍持有高教育期望,家庭SES水平与父母教育期望存在一致关系。(4)父母教育期望对学生的学习成绩有显著影响。父母对孩子的教育期望越高,孩子的学业成绩越好,学校类型在这种影响中具有调节作用。

Using a sample of 5066 students at the 3rd grade of junior high school from five cities across China, this study examined the impacts of Chinese family SES on students＇ academic achievement in terms of PISA tests. Results indicated that： （ 1 ） Students＇ family SES is significantly associated with their academic achievement. Compared with that of father, mother＇ s educational level showed significantly more influence on children＇ s school achievement. （2） Although the indicators of homework supplies and family wealth were associated with children＇ s schooling outcomes,strengths and directions of the association varied with the indicators＇ relevance to students＇ learning activities. （3） Chinese students＇ school type also was found to be related with their family SES,suggesting school choice was more likely to be considered by high - SES parents. （4） Parental expectations and school type had significant effects on children＇ s academic achievement both independently and conjointly： While the students in the key schools with higher parental expectations achieved higher than the students with the same parental expectation level in the ordinary schools,the students in the key schools who were expected to reach lower educational level achieved significantly lower scores than the counterparts in the ordinary and inferior schools.