20世纪90年代南海地缘形势与中国对南海权益的维护

Geopolitical Situations of South China Sea in 1990s and China’s Maintenance to the Rights and Interests of South China Sea

[摘要]20世纪90年代，美国和日本开始更加积极地介入南海争端，南海地区再次凸显“边缘地带”特性。在此背景下，东南亚某些国家不断在南海岛礁制造事端，进行主权造势，对中国南海主权进行严重挑衅。为维护南海权益，中国除了继续对南海宣示主权外，同过去相比，更侧重于根据公认的国际法尤其是《联合国海洋法公约》所确立的基本原则和法律制度，通过国家间的协商、谈判以解决南海争端。同时，适应国际形势和南海形势的变化，中国政府对南海政策做出了适时调整，即制定并完善国内法，正式确立“搁置争议、共同开发”方针，加强了海疆国防的建设。

The United States and Japan began to become more actively involved in the disputes over South China Sea and South China Sea area was once again highlighted its 'periphery' characteristics in 1990s. In this background, some countries in Southeast Asia continuously created troubles in the Islands of South China Sea and made serious provocation to China's sovereignty over South China Sea. In order to defend the rights and interests of China in South China Sea, in addition to declare the sovereignty to South China Sea, compared with the past, China paid more emphases on solving South China Sea dispute by consultation, negotiation among countries according to general accepted international law, especially the basic principals and legal system established by 'Convention on the Law of Sea of the United Nations'.At the same time, in order to adapt to the changes of international situations and South China Sea situations, Chinese government had made timely adjustments to South China Sea policy, namely, develop and improve the domestic law, formally establish the principle of 'putting aside disputes and engaging in joint exploitations' and strengthen the construction of coastal defense.