农村居民点整理潜力测算与布局优化研究——以江苏省江都市为例

Potential Estimation and Layout Optimization of Rural Residential Land Consolidation: A Case Study on Jiangdu City in Jiangsu Province

通过自然、经济与社会因素方面构建限制修正系数,用限制修正系数把理论潜力修正至现实潜力,且从区位、自然等方面对整理后居民点进行布局优化,在ArcGIS 9.3中用多因素综合评价法评价栅格单元的居民点建设适宜度,把适宜度高的栅格变成居民点用地,直到所选择栅格面积等于现状居民点释放完潜力而保留的面积。研究发现2008年江都市居民点整理的理论潜力是6 128 hm2,经限制因素修正后现实潜力是2 013 hm2,其中半数以上在仙女镇;经布局优化后居民点集中分布,且主要集中分布在城镇周围与交通便捷地区,改变了目前散乱分布状况,居民点分布斑块数减少,其集聚度显著增加。

The urbanization and industrialization needs a large number of land resources to support, so there is much land from agricultural use into non-agricultural purposes, result of which is a large quantity loss of culti-vated land and too much construction land. New construction land space is limited, so it is have to reuse the in-efficiency stock of construction land, namely rural residential land to support the urbanization process. The ad- vancement of rural residential land consolidation not only increases the quantity of cultivated land, ensures the land demand of city and town growth, but also is an important way to speed-up the urban and rural co-ordina-tion development and the new rural construction in China. The study of potential estimation and layout optimi-zation of rural residential land consolidation is the important basis and key technology of residential land con-solidation plan, then this paper is to research the two parts. With per capita residential land in present minus per capita standard stipulated by the State, the paper estimated the theoretical potential of rural residential land con-solidation in Jiangdu City, considering restraint correction coefficient of the natural, economic and social con- straints which was used to amend the theoretical potential to reality potential. Getting rid of reality potential from present rural residential land was the retained residential land; the next step was to make this part of land reallocation in space. So the paper optimized the residential land layout from location, nature and other aspects, using multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the fitness of settlement construction of grid cells in ARCGIS 9.3, Which weights was determined by Delphi method, and then making the highest fitness grid cell into residential land until the total chosen grid areas was equal to the result of status rural residential land minus reality potential. It was found that the theoretical potential of residential land consolidation of Jiang-du City in 2008 was 6 128 ha, while the reality potential amended by restraint factors was 2 013 ha, and more than half of which was in Xiannv town, which demonstrated Xiannv was centre of gravity of residential land consolidation in Jiangdu future. The distribution of residential land became concentrated after layout optimiza-tion, mainly concentrated around the towns or in convenient traffic areas, and had changed the current scattered distribution and reduced the number of plaques so as to make a significant increase in degree of concentration.