火山干扰下的长白山植被分布规律

Effects of Volcanic Interference on the Vegetation Distribution of Changbai Mountain

距今约800 a前,长白山天池火山发生大规模普林尼式喷发,喷出的巨量火山浮石及火山灰毁灭性地破坏了长白山植被。由于受喷发倾角和强劲高空西北风影响,使各坡向火山灰和浮石的沉积厚度不同,东坡最厚,南坡和西坡次之,北坡最少。火山灰与浮石形成疏松的成土母质,在流水持续侵蚀下,对破坏后的植被演替产生了长期影响。利用野外调查和现有资料,论证了长白山植被分布独特性规律是长白山火山喷发及喷发物水蚀过程对生态系统作用的结果,确认火山喷发虽历经800多a,目前各坡向植被仍然处在演替的不同进程之中,呈现差异性分布规律。

The Tianchi volcano experienced a serious Plinian eruption 800 years ago in Changbai Mountain. It dissolvingly destroyed the vegetation by the great amounts of volcanic ash and pumice. Due to the eruption dip angle and effect of the strong deflective northwest wind, the deposition thickness of volcanic ash and pumice was different in the four slopes of Changbai Mountain, with the main deposition being on the eastern slope, the second on the southern and western slope and, the least on the northern slope. They formed loose parent materi-al. The flowing water erosion sustainedly affected the vegetation succession over Changbai Mountain after the volcanic destruction. The purpose of this study was to illuminate that the distinctive characteristics of the vege- tation distribution is the result of influence on the ecosystem by the volcano eruption and flowing water ero- sion on eruptive material, and to affirm that although effects of the volcanic eruption had been lasted for more than 800 years in Changbai Mountain, the present vegetation is still in succession of different processes at four slopes, and exists various vegetation distribution rule.