陕西省白纹伊蚊抗药性研究和防制策略

Insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Shaanxi province,China and its control strategy

目的了解陕西省伊蚊分布地区铜川及安康市白纹伊蚊抗药性情况。方法采用区分剂量法测定白纹伊蚊幼虫对3种杀虫剂的24h死亡率;采用半数致死剂量(LC50)法测定白纹伊蚊幼虫对9种杀虫剂的LC50。结果区分剂量法测定结果显示,铜川和安康地区白纹伊蚊对敌敌畏、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯均为抗性群体;半数致死量法测定结果显示,安康、铜川市白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯的LC50分别为0.00371和0.00145mg/L;对氯菊酯的LC50分别为0.00625和0.01767mg/L;对溴氰菊酯的LC50分别为0.00269和0.00076mg/L;对氯氰菊酯的LC50分别为0.01746和0.00937mg/L;对DDT的LC50分别为0.80954和0.21706mg/L;对敌敌畏的LC50分别为0.04015和0.02677mg/L;对双硫磷的LC50分别为0.00222和0.00310mg/L;对残杀威的LC50分别为0.34814和0.65191mg/L;对仲丁威的LC50分别为0.15719和0.54377mg/L;抗性倍数以敌敌畏、双硫磷、残杀威等较高。结论在应用杀虫剂防治媒介伊蚊时,应结合地理区域及生态环境特点对蚊虫进行综合治理,科学合理地使用杀虫剂,以减缓抗药性的产生。

Objective To evaluate the insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Tongchuan city and Ankang city of Shaanxi province, China. Methods Distinguishing dosage method was used to measure the mortality rates ofAe. albopictus larvae within 24 h of exposure to three insecticides; median lethal dose （LC50） method was used to measure the LC50 of nine insecticides for Ae. albopictus larvae. Results The distinguishing dosage method showed that Ae. albopictus in Ankang and Tongchuan had resistances to dichlorvos, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The LC50 method showed that for Ae. albopictas in Ankang and Tongchuan, the LC50 of β-cypermethrin was 0.003 71 mg/L and 0.001 45 mg/L, the LC50 of permethrin was 0.006 25 mg/L and 0.017 67 mg/L, the LC50 of deltamethrin was 0.002 69 mg/L and 0.000 76 mg/L, the LC50 of cypermethrin was 0.017 46 mg/L and 0.009 37 mg/L, the LC50 of DDT was 0.809 54 mg/L and 0.217 06 mg/L, the LC50 of dichlorvos was 0.040 15 mg/L and 0.026 77 mg/L, the LC50 of parathion was 0.002 22 mg/L and 0.003 10 mg/L, the LC50 of propoxur was 0.348 14 mg/L and 0.651 91 mg/L, and the LC50 of fenobucarb was 0.157 19 mg/L and 0.543 77 mg/L. Ae. albopictus in the two areas developed higher resistance ratios to dichlorvos, parathion, and propoxur than to other insecticides. Conclusion Insecticides should be used properly to control Ae. albopictus in a geographic area with certain ecological characteristics, so as to retard the development of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictas.