“适应”大学新生发展的关键词——基于首都高校学生发展调查的实证分析

Adaption is The Key Word for College Freshmen Development

大学第一年是大学生发展最为关键性的一年。如果新生对大学第一年的严峻挑战应对不佳,可能导致严重的后果。为了解首都高校新生的适应情况,2011年5月北京大学教育学院与北京市教工委联合开展"首都高校新生适应性调查"。基于28所院校4200名新生的调查数据,研究发现:首都高校新生的学习适应、人际关系和社会适应情况较好,但部分学生在经济适应方面存在挑战。此外,不同群体新生在大学适应方面存在显著差异。低社会经济背景的学生适应情况相对较差。不同专业新生的适应情况不同。人文社会科学类新生在学习适应各个维度的表现都好于其他专业新生,工科类新生的人际交往能力弱于其他新生,工科和社科类新生感受更大的主观经济压力。在院校类型方面,选拔性高的"985工程"和"211工程"院校的学生在对外部学习环境的适应、学习动机、对外部人际交往环境的适应、经济适应方面要好于其他院校新生。特别值得注意的是,民办高校新生的主观经济压力最大。

First year in college is the most important year for student development. If freshmen fail to cope with first-year challenges, they may face serious setbacks. In order to explore the freshmen adaption in Beijing, research team from Peking University conducted College Freshman Adaption Survey in May 2011, in conjunction with Beijing Education Working Committee. Based on surveys of 4200 freshmen, this study found that most college freshmen adapted well into their colleges academically and socially, but some students faced critical financial challenges. In addition, there were large gaps in adaption among different groups. Students from low- SES background had more difficulties in adaption. Engineering students performed worse than others. Students from very selective institutions adapted better than others, while freshmen in private colleges reported the highest level of economic pressure.