“美国—影响中国家禽产品进口的某些措施”争端研究

A Study of the Dispute of the United States—Some Measures Affecting Imports of Chinese Poultry Products

"美国—影响中国家禽产品进口的某些措施"案是中美贸易争端中首起直接涉及WTO《卫生与植物检疫措施协定》(《SPS协定》)的争端。此争端源于美国国会依据《2009年综合拨款法案》第727条禁止美国农业部制定从中国进口家禽产品的规则。本争端涉及3个核心问题:一是SPS措施的认定问题;二是专家组的管辖权(职能范围)问题;三是SPS措施的对等承认问题。但归根结底第727条违反了WTO非歧视性原则。该争端说明,推进我国与其他国家(包括美国)检验检疫机制的对等互认是我国稳定和扩大外贸出口的重要手段。

＂The United States-Some Measures Affecting Imports of Chinese Poultry Products＂ （DS392） is the first WTO dispute arising between China and the United States, which directly deals with the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （the SPS Agreement）. This dispute stems from Setion 727 of the 2009 Consolidated Appropriations Act. The dispute involves three core issues： first, the identification of SPS measures; second, the issue of the Panel＇s jurisdiction （Terms of reference） and third, the issue of the equivalence of SPS measures. But in the end Sec. 727 is in violation of WTO principles of non-discrimination. The dispute demonstrates that, between China and other countries （including the United States）, mutual recognition of individual inspection and quarantine mechanism is of importance in stabilizing and expanding exportation in China foreign trade.