甜高粱栽培技术研究

Sweet Sorghum Cultivation Techniques

为探索甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)在青海高原丰产、高产栽培技术,在不同海拔生态区开展了播期、密度、追肥、刈割、地膜比较试验。结果表明:海拔2100m生态区甜高粱适宜播种期是4月26日-5月7日;海拔1850m适宜密度为8.25万株.hm-2;生长中期追施1次N肥(尿素)112.5～225.0kg.hm-2,鲜重产量提高13.39%～26.94%,茎秆糖锤度提高3.16%～26.14%;刈割1次比刈割2次总鲜重产量略低,差异不显著,茎秆糖锤度提高17.02%～255.65%;铺地膜比不铺地膜增产5.56%～15.85%,茎秆糖锤度提高5.76%～54.03%,且籽粒能成熟,不铺地膜籽粒不能成熟。海拔2300m适宜密度为16.50～21.00万株.hm-2;生长中期追施1次N肥增产1.81%～27.39%,茎秆糖锤度提高2.33%～40.40%;刈割1次比刈割2次的总鲜重产量极显著增加(P<0.01),增产64.46%～155.88%,茎秆糖锤度提高199.52%～288.89%,因此不易刈割。

In order to explore high-yielding cultural ,techniques of sweet sorghum in Qinghai plateau, com- parison tests for sowing date, density, top dressing, mowing, and mulch were carried out for different ele- vations. Results showed that suitable dates for sowing sweet sugar sorghum in the ecological region at 2100 m in Qinghai-Tibet plateau were from 26th Apt to 7th May. For 1850 m elevation, the suitable density was 8.25 × 104 plants per hm2. Fresh weight was enhanced by 13.39%-26.94% and stem sugar matrix was enhanced by 3.16%-26.14% when 112.5-225.0 kg hm 2 N fertilizer （urea） was applied during the middle growing period. Compared to the treatment of two-cutting, the fresh weight of one-cutting was lower with no significant difference, and stem sugar matrix enhanced 17.02-255.65%. For the treat- ment of plastic membrane covering, yield was enhanced by 5.56%-15.85% with mature grain and stem sugar matrix was enhance by 5.76%-54.03% compared to non-plastic membrane covering. At 2300 m el- evation, suitable density was 16.5×104-21.0×104 ; yield was enhanced by 1.81%-27.39% and sugar matrix was enhanced by 2.33%-40.40% when N fertilizer was applied in the middle growing stage. Com- pared to two-cutting treatment, fresh weight （64.46%-155.88%） was significantly higher and stem sug- ar matrix was enhanced by 199.52%-288.89% in one-cutting treatment. Therefore, the cultural tech- nique of cutting is not suitable for sweet sorghum in the region of 2300 m altitude.