美、日“后大众阶段”高等教育体系比较与借鉴

Comparison and Reference of System of Post-massification of Higher Education Between the USA and Japan

美国和日本两国"后大众阶段"的高等教育体系均为三层结构,但在具体构成上存在差异。美国高等教育体系由私立大学、州立大学、社区学院三种类型、三个层次的高等教育机构构成,分别对应精英、大众和普及三种"理想型";日本高等教育体系是由国立大学、私立大学和短期大学、高等专科学校、专修学校构成的三层构成,经历了一个调整完善的过程。我国缺乏面向大众化和普及化的制度设计,必须根据"后大众阶段"的发展需要,加强高等教育体系建设。

The high education system of ＂post-massification stage＂of America and Japan are three-tier structures, but there are differences in specific composition. The United States is composed of three types which are private universities, state universities and community college, corresponding to the elite ,the public and the popularity that are three kinds of ＂ideal type＂. And Japan is made up of national universities ,private universities and short-term universities,colleges,special schools the three-tier structure,which has gone through an adjustable and impeccable process. China is lack of the design of system structure which is directly to the public and popular,so it is necessary to strengthen the system construction of higher education according to the development of the ＂post-massification stage＂.