美国生物防御经费投入情况分析

Analysis of biodefense funding in the United States

2001年"炭疽邮件"事件后,美国投入了大量经费用于提高国家生物防御能力。生物防御经费投入的分布及年度变化在一定程度上可以反映国家生物防御的整体规划。本文基于美国生物防御经费投入情况的一些数据资料,分析了2001财年后美国生物防御经费的分布与年度变化,主要包括卫生与公众服务部、国土安全部、国防部、农业部、环境保护局等联邦行政部门,疾病预防控制中心、国立卫生研究院、食品和药物管理局、国防高级研究计划局、国防威胁降低局等应对机构,以及国家战略储备、生物盾牌计划、化学和生物防御项目、国家灾难医疗系统、生物监测计划等生物防御计划。从本文的分析可以看出,美国生物防御经费投入具有几个特点:生物防御经费大幅度增加、建立新的机构加强统筹管理、企业获得大量生物防御经费、生物防御与传染病应对相结合、重视基础设施建设与应对产品研发。

Following the 2001 anthrax mail attack, the Unites States invested billions of funding to improve their biode- fense capability. Distribution and variation of biodefense funding can reflect national biodefense layout to some degree. This paper analyzed the United States biodefense funding from fiscal year 2001 to 2012 based on some published data and litera- ture. The United Stated biodefense funding was distributed mainly to such departments as Department of Health and Human Services（ DHHS）, Department of Homeland Security （DHS）, Department of Defense （DoD）, Department of Agriculture （DoA）, Environmental Protection Agency（ EPA）, to several agencies including Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）, National Institutes of Health（ NIH ）, Food and Drug Administration（ FDA）, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA）, Defense Threat Reduction Agency （DTRA）, and to several programs including the Strategic National Stockpile, Project BioShield, Chemical and Biological Defense Program, the National Disaster Medical System, Program BioWatch. The distribution and variation of the United States biodefense funding are characterized by significant increase of their biodefense funding, establishment of new agencies to strength unified management, considerable biodefense funding to corporations,combination of biodefense and infectious diseases control, and emphasis on infrastructure construction and countermeasure development.