实施学校停课措施对流感疫情及经济的影响

Impacts of school closures on influenza epidemic and economy

学校停课是一种重要的流感疫情非药物防控措施,在历次流感大流行中被世界各国广泛实施。实践和仿真结果均表明,实施该措施的公共健康收益受到学校停课时机、停课时间长短、停课方式等诸多可选因素影响,若措施实施不当,对疫情发展可能并不会产生有利影响,如何更有效地实施该措施控制疫情发展是决策者要慎重考虑的问题。近几年来大量研究指出实施该措施会造成巨大的经济损失,使得在流感疫情中实施该措施饱受争议。本文综述近几年来相关研究成果,总结如何实施学校停课措施才能更好地控制流行病疫情,为国内控制疫情制定决策提供参考。

School closures as an important non-pharmaceutical containment measure against influenza epidemics, were implemented during previous influenza pandemics in many countries. Practice and simulation results show that the effect of school closures on public health during an epidemic was determined by many factors, such as when school closures should be initiated, how long schools should be closed and what types of school closures should be adopted. How to take such measure to control the outbreak more effectively has become a question to which decision-makers should give serious consid- eration. Apart from this, a large number of studies in recent years have found that school closures may lead to huge losses to national economy, making school closures during an epidemic disputable. This article reviewed related research, summa- rized effective measures related to school closures in case of epidemic outbreaks, and attempted to provide reference for deci- sion-making on controlling domestic epidemics.