新疆石灰性土壤锌状况及锌肥效研究

Zinc Status and Crop Response to Zn Fertilization in Calcareous Soil in Xinjiang

采用室内测试分析和盆栽试验相结合的方法,研究新疆耕地土壤微量元素锌状况及叶面施锌对棉花锌吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,各地区土壤有效锌含量较为接近,但全锌含量差异明显。3种类型土壤有效锌平均含量为潮土(0.69mg/kg)>棕漠土(0.57mg/kg)>灰漠土(0.51mg/kg)。低锌土壤施锌对棉花具有增产作用,土壤有效锌含量越低锌肥增产作用越明显,可用函数y=5.2195x-2.792(r=-0.880 1)表示增产率与土壤有效锌之间的关系。土壤有效锌含量低时施用锌肥能够增加棉花总干物重,并显著增加棉花各器官锌含量。不同类型土壤施锌后棉花增产率大小为灰漠土>棕漠土>潮土。

Experiments were conducted with soil analysis and pot experiments to study Zn status in arable soils in different areas of Xinjiang, and cotton response to Zn fertilization was studied as well. Results showed that, soil available Zn concentration was similar among soil varieties in Xinjiang, however, the total Zn content varied greatly. The average available Zn content in three types of soils was aquic soil（0. 69 mg/kg） 〉brown desert soil（0. 57 mg/kg）〉grey desert soil（0. 51 mg/kg）. Application of Zn fertilizer improved cotton yield, and increasing rate of yield was negatively correlated with soil available Zn content. An empirical model y=5. 2195x -2.792（r=-0. 880 1） could be satisfactorily fitting the relationship between soil available Zn content and cotton yield increase. Zn fertilization significantly enhanced cotton plant biomass and the uptake of Zn in organs especially in low available Zn soils. The order of yield-increasing rate of cotton was grey desert soil 〉brown desert soil 〉aquic soil.