石灰岩山地不同整地组合对侧柏林蓄水保土功能的影响

Effects of Different Soil Preparation Combination on Water Storage and Soil Conservation Function of Platycladus orientalis in Shandong Limestone Mountain

以新泰市汶南镇洞山小流域石灰岩山地山坡上部采取6种整地组合营造的六年生侧柏林为研究对象,系统研究不同整地组合侧柏林的蓄水保土功能。结果表明:(1)6种整地组合侧柏林的林木保存率、林木生长量和枯落物层蓄积量以整地深度和面积最大的侧柏林的林木保存率和林木生长量最大,枯落物层蓄积量最多;林下灌草植被生物量随着林分郁闭度的减小而增加。枯落物分解后改善了土壤物理性状,增加了土壤孔隙度,减小了土壤容重,提高了土壤渗透速率,增加了土壤蓄水量。(2)6种整地组合侧柏林与对照相比减少的土壤侵蚀量以水平阶整地2最多,为39.161t/hm2,穴状整地1的较小,为34.153t/hm2。(3)对不同整地组合侧柏林的林分郁闭度、枯落物蓄积量、土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤渗透速率、增加的土壤饱和贮水量、减少的土壤侵蚀量、灌草生物量、灌草盖度和有机质含量等进行方差分析,可知均存在显著差异,按各项指标得分相加得出蓄水保土效益,不同整地组合侧柏林的蓄水保土功能排序为水平阶整地2>鱼鳞坑整地2>水平阶整地1>鱼鳞坑整地1>穴状整地2>穴状整地1。

To study the corresponding index of functions of conserving soil and water storage with regard to different soil preparation Platycladus orientalis, researchers went on a series of experiments about six soil preparation combination of six-year-old Platycladus orientalis, and this paper had shown that the study in the slope of Dongshan watershed that had limestone which located in the Wennan town of Xintai. The results showed that： （1）Among such different soil preparation combination of PZatycladus orientalis, this paper would refer to preserved rate and growth of tree and volume of fall layer so as to explain the results, that was： Such values tended to be maximum if the depth and area of soil preparation were maximum. And vegetativebiomass of understory vegetation would take on an increase with the download of forest canopy density. After the fall layer resolved, the soil properties would obtain corresponding improvement, such as increasing soil porosity, decreasing bulk density, improving soil permeability and increasing ability of conserving water and so on. （2）The results showed that the level bench soil preparation 2 stand controlled the biggest soil erosion amount of 39. 161 t/hm2. The hole like soil preparation1 stand controlled the smaller amount of 34. 153 t/hm~. （3）From the variance analysis of indexes, such as the canopy density, amount of litter layer, total soil porosity, soil non-capillary porosity, soil infiltration rate, increased saturated water storage, controlled amount of soil erosion, shrub grass biomass of understory, shrub grass coverage and soil organic matter content, there were significant differences between different stands. The results showed that the water storage and soil conservation function of different soil preparation combination decreased in the order of level bench soil preparation 2, fish-scale pit soil preparation 2, level bench soil preparation 1, fish-scale pit soil preparation 1, point-like soil preparation 2, point-like site preparation 1.