陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食质量及其影响因素研究

Study on the diet quality and its relative effect factors among rural residents, using the Chinese Diet Balance Index （ CDBI ） in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province

目的采用中国膳食平衡指数（DBI）评价陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食质量状况及其影响因素。方法2010年对汉中地区18～80岁农村居民膳食采用半定量食物频率问卷进行横断面调查，采用DBI相关指标评价其膳食质量，应用多因素线性回归方法分析影响摄人不足和摄人过量可能的影响因素。结果调查的2748人中谷薯类、豆类、腌菜、植物油和食盐每标准人日平均摄人量均高于全国农村居民平均水平（P〈O．01），其中80％以上村民的谷薯类、食用油和盐摄入量平均水平超过推荐量；动物性食物、蛋奶类和蔬菜水果则低于全国平均水平（P〈0．01），存在明显摄人不足。人群平均负端分（DBILBS）和正端分（DBIHBS）分别为22．8和9．8，中度摄入不足（20〈DBILBS~〈40）和摄入过量（10〈DBIHBS≤20）的比例分别为62．6％和48．0％。影响摄人不足的主要因素有文化程度、财富指数、高血压史、体育锻炼和看电视时间；影响摄人过量的主要因素有性别、年龄、家庭人口数、劳动强度、睡眠时间、吸烟和饮酒情况。结论汉中地区农村居民膳食结构不均衡，并以摄入不足为主，同时存在部分食物摄入过量；有必要在不同人群中开展有针对性的干预措施，改善当地居民营养状况。

Objective To evaluate the diet quality and the relative factors among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province. Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary status together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were conducted on rural residents aged from 18 to 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi in 2010. Diet quality was evaluated by using the Chinese Diet Balance Index （CDBI） scoring and evaluating system. Linear regression models were developed to identify factors that influencing the status of under/over intake. Results 2748 rural residents were investigated with the average daily intake of grains, beans, heavily salted vegetables, plant oil, nuts and salt. Results showed that they were higher than average level of Chinese rural residents＇ （P〈 0.01 ）. 80% of the residents having their daily intake of grains, oil and salt exceeded, while animal food, diary food, egg, vegetable and fruits were lower （P〈0.01） than the RNIs. However, there was under intake noticed to some extent in some areas. The average values of DBI_LBS and DBI_HBS were 22.8 and 9.8. The proportions of moderate under intake （20〈DBI_LBS〈40） and moderate over intake （10〈DBI_HBS〈20） were 62.6% and 48.0%. The main factors that influenced the dietary under-intake were education level, fortune index, hypertension, physical activity, and time to watch television. The main factors that affected the over-intake of diet were sex, age, number of family numbers, intensity of labor, time to sleep, smoking and drinking habits. Conclusion The main diet problem among the rural residents was under-dietary-intake, with over-intake to some extents, suggesting that it was necessary to strength the specific intervention program, to improve the diet quality in the residents of Hanzhong area.