中国中西部贫困地区农村居民健康相关行为现状调查

Survey on behaviors of health in poverty area from the mid-west four provinces of China

目的了解中国中西部贫困地区农民生活方式现状，为改善该地区农村人群生活方式和提高健康水平提供建议。方法采用整群随机抽样方法及自行设计生活方式调查问卷，对甘肃、青海、山西和新疆四省区16个项目县42个项目乡84个行政村的15—69岁农村居民共5516人进行调查。结果在5343份有效问卷中男性2178人，女性3165人，平均年龄43．4岁；少数民族2965人，汉族2378人。调查对象文化程度以初中（37．7％）和小学（32．1％）为主，职业构成以农业（62．1％）为主。调查对象中吸烟率为22．4％，其中青海、山西省男性吸烟率明显高于其他两省区，山西省农业人群吸烟率最高；调查对象中饮酒率为13．9％，山西、青海两省的人群饮酒率和男性饮酒率均高于其他两省区，山西省女性饮酒明显低于其他三省区，但农业人群饮酒高于其他三省区。四省区调查人群的卫生习惯存在差异，在食用乳品或乳制品、新鲜蔬菜、豆制品、动物内脏、油炸食品、腌熏食品和畜肉之间的差异有统计学意义。结论甘肃、青海、山西和新疆贫困地区农民的生活方式存在差异。建议根据问题开展有针对性的健康教育，同时借助“12320全国卫生热线”服务帮助居民建立健康生活方式。

Objective To understand ways of life among poverty-stricken farmers from western areas of China. Methods Questionnaires on ways of life were designed, using cluster random sampling method to study 5516 rural residents, aged 15-69, from 84 administrative villages, 42 project townships and 16 project counties in Shanxi and Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang provinces. Results 5343 valid questionnaires included 2178 males and 3165 females, with the average age as 43.4 years old. 2965 people were with minority ethnicities and another 2378 were Hans. Most of the respondents had received junior high school （37.7% ） or primary school （32.1% ） education with 62.1% of the respondents working in the agricultural areas. The overall smoking rate among them was 22.4%. The rates of smoking in males in Qinghai and Shanxi provinces were obviously higher than those in other provinces, with the highest seen in Shanxi. The overall rate of alcohol intake was 13.9%, and the highest seen in Shanxi and Qinghai. The alcohol intake in males was higher in Shanxi and Qinghai, than in other provinces while in female it was significantly lower in Shanxi than in the other three provinces. The health related habits were different in the four provinces, including the amount of weekly intake of milk or dairy products, fresh vegetables, bean products, animal viscera, fried food, pickled or smoked food products and livestock meat, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion Life styles of farmers living in the poverty-stricken areas in Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi and Xinjiang were different. Strategies related to the real situation on each province need to be developed which would include effective health education and with the aid of ＇ 12320 hotline services＇ to help the residents build up a healthy lifestyle.