家蚕品种“菁松×皓月”的蚕茧荧光显色判性改育试验

Modification Breeding of Silkworm Variety "Jingsong×Haoyue" for Sex Identification Through Fluorescent Cocoon Color

菁松×皓月是生产上推广量最大的春用多丝量家蚕品种,根据家蚕茧荧光色的遗传机制,将该品种改育成具有蚕茧荧光显色判性性状的品种。对蚕茧有多种荧光显色的菁松通过系统分离方法,对蚕茧单一荧光显色的皓月通过杂交导入荧光伴性基因Fx及定向培育的方法,将2个品种均改育成雄蚕茧为黄荧光色、雌蚕茧为紫荧光色的品种,其荧光判性准确率达到100%。2个改育的品种暂命名为苏杰、豪胜。实验室饲养鉴定成绩表明改育品种杂交组合苏杰×豪胜的幼虫比菁松×皓月发育快,体质更强健,但全茧量略低;缫丝鉴定苏杰×豪胜的茧丝纤度2.686 dtex,洁净95.5分,茧丝长1 300 m以上,解舒率75%以上,并且生丝匀度好。改育品种杂交组合苏杰×豪胜的主要经济性状成绩与菁松×皓月相仿,在生产上推广应用可以达到雌雄蚕茧分别缫丝和提高蚕种制造鉴蛹工效的目的。

The silkworm （Bombyx mori） variety Jingsong × Haoyue is the most popular silkworm variety for spring rearing. Based on the genetic mechanism of fluorescent cocoon color in silkworm, a modification breeding was carried out to confer different fluorescent colors onto cocoons of different sexes of this variety. Through lineage separation to Jingsong of which cocoons have various fluorescent colors and crossing-mediated introduction of fluorescent sex-linked gene Fx into Haoyue of which cocoons have single fluorescent color in combination with directional selection, both Jingsong and Haoyue were modified into varieties with male cocoons of yellow fluorescent color and female cocoons of purple fiuorescent color. The accuracy of sex identification through fluorescent color reached 100% in these two varieties. The two modified varieties were named Sujie and Haosheng. Data of laboratory rearing indicated that larvae of Sujie ×Haosheng developed faster and grew more vigorously than those of Jingsong x Haoyue but yielded cocoons slightly lower than Jing song xHaoyue. Silk reeling test displayed that Sujie× Haosheng had cocoon filament size of 2. 686 dtex, neatness of 95.5 points, cocoon filament length of over 1 300 m, reelability of above 75%, and good evenness of raw silk as well. Major economic characters of the modified variety Sujie × Haosheng are similar to those of Jingsong × Haoyue. Popularization of this variety in production will enable separate reeling of male silkworm cocoons from female ones and improve labor efficiency in pupa sex identification during silkworm eggs production.